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479-323 B.C.
THE AGORA
During the Classical Times, Agora was the centre of the social and political
life of Athens. Public buildings, sanctuaries and fountain houses were
constructed. The area between these buildings, that could be used for feasts and
athletic games, was filled with statues and altars.
Building activity at those times can be divided in two
periods (or two centuries): before and after the Peloponnesian war (5th and 4th
centuries B.C.).
5th century B.C.
Immediately after the Persian wars, the Athenians start
to rebuilt their city and the Agora. They focused their attention to the
construction of several public buildings. Three stoas are built: Basileios,
Zeus Eleutherios and Poikile. The last one will later become the base
of the stoic philosophers. A new Bouleuterion is built near the older one and a
round building, the Tholos, that was used as a
dinning room for the elected Deputies.
On the southern side, between the Aiakeion and the archaic fountain
house, a very long stoa, the so-called "South Stoa I" was erected in order to
serve as a market. A little more to the east was located the mint of
Athens and the Eleusinion (the sanctuary of
goddess Demeter and her daughter Persephone) The northeast side was dominated by
the grounds of an open-air courthouse. In the West was
built the Temple of Hephaestus, the now called Theseion.
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The
Agora during the 5th century b.C. Αγοράς του 5ου αι.
π.Χ. 1. Basileios Stoa 2.Stoa
of Zeus Eleuthereos 3 Temple of
Hephaestus 4.New Bouleuterion
5.
Tholos 6. Old
Bouleuterion 7Aiakeion 8
South Stoa I 9.
Archaic fountain house 10. The Mint
11 Open-air court 12.
Stoa Poikile. |
From
right to left: Stoa Basileios
(479 b.C.).
Perhaps the older stoa in Athens. In there were
kept the engraved lows of the state. Next, the Stoa of Zeus
Eleutherios (430 b.C.).
The name was derived from the archaic temple of Zeus that was
destroyed by the Persians and was located on the same spot. In
front was the altar of Zeus. |
The
west side of the Agora. On the right is the Stoa of Zeus
Eleytherios. On top of the hill is situated the temple of
Hephaestus while on the left are the two Bouleuteria.
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The
southwest side. On the left was the round Tholos. the
dinning room of the state deputies. Near the Tholos were
the two Bouleuteria. The newer was built around 425 B.C.
Inside the older one were kept the archives of the state.
On the hill is the temple of Hephaestus. |
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The
temple of Hephaestus or "Hephaisteion"
(449-444 b.C.),
was a temple dedicated to Hephaestus and Athena. During the modern
times is commonly known as Theseion (Theseum) due to the tasks of
Theseus depicted on the frieze. |
The
south part of the Agora. On the right, the grounds of the Aiakeion
and next to it the South Stoa I. |
The
South Stoa I (430 π.Χ).
Inside were 16 big rooms that were used as
shops or dinning rooms. |
The
archaic fountain house known as "Enneakrounos". |
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The
mint was the very place where the coins of Athens were minted. |
The
grounds on the northeast side that was probably used as an
open-air courthouse. |
The
Stoa Poikile (460 b.C.)
is perhaps the most famous stoa of Athens foe
two reasons. First o all, it was decorated with paintings of the
best Greek painters (poikile = painted). Secondly, was the place
where the philosopher Zenon Kitieus used to tech creating the
stoic philosophical movement around 300
B.C. The stoa was also
known as Peisianakteios.
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The
Eleusinion was the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone and was
situated southeast of the Agora. On the far right was the temple
of Hephaestus. |
4th
century B.C.
In the 4th century B.C. only a few new constructions can
be found. For the first time after de destruction of the city by the Persians in
480 B.C. the temple of Patroos Apollo is rebuilt. A big square peristyle
building was constructed in the east side on the spot of the previous open-air
courthouse. Also the Athenians built a new fountain
house west of the Aiakeion and the monument of the Eponymous Heroes is
transferred in front of the Bouleuterion.
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The
Agora in the 4th century B.C.
1. Square
Peristyle 2. The temple of Patroos
Apollo 3. The monument of Eponymous
Heroes 4. The southwest fountain house. |
The
Square Peristyle on the northeast of the Agora. The construction
begun around 300 B.C.
but was never completed . The part that was completed was used as a
courthouse. It was demolished in 150
B.C. to build the Stoa of Attalos in the same place. Its members
were used to construct the South Stoa II. |
The
temple of Patroos Apollo (340 B.C.)
was in the place of an older archaic temple.
The smaller temple nearby was dedicated to Zeus Phratrios
and Athena. On the right is the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios
while behind is the temple of Hephaestus with its new stone wall
and the staircase. |
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The
monument of the Eponymous Heroes was earlier located a little more
south. It hold the statues of the ten heroes who gave the names to
the ten tribes of Athens. Under each statue, on the base were
engraved the names of each tribe's most important citizens. |
Next to
the two Bouleuteria and the Tholos, a new ionic propylon was
built. The new Bouleuterion had a small stoa before its entrance
built during the 4th c. B.C. |
The
southwest fountain house near the grounds of Aiakeion. |
For other monuments of
Classic Athens click below:
THE
ACROPOLIS
SOUTH SLOPE OF ACROPOLIS
KERAMEIKOS
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