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      479-323 B.C.   

THE AGORA

       During the Classical Times, Agora was the centre of the social and political life of Athens. Public buildings, sanctuaries and fountain houses were constructed. The area between these buildings, that could be used for feasts and athletic games, was filled with statues and altars.

        Building activity at those times can be divided in two periods (or two centuries): before and after the Peloponnesian war (5th and 4th centuries B.C.).

5th century B.C.

        Immediately after the Persian wars, the Athenians start to rebuilt their city and the Agora. They focused their attention to the construction of several public buildings. Three stoas are built: Basileios, Zeus Eleutherios and Poikile. The last one will later become the base of the stoic philosophers. A new Bouleuterion is built near the older one and a round building, the Tholos, that was used as a dinning room for the elected Deputies. On the southern side, between the Aiakeion and the archaic fountain house, a very long stoa, the so-called "South Stoa I" was erected in order to serve as a market.  A little more to the east was located the mint of Athens and the Eleusinion (the sanctuary of goddess Demeter and her daughter Persephone) The northeast side was dominated by the grounds of an open-air courthouse. In the West was built the Temple of Hephaestus, the now called Theseion.

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The Agora during the 5th century b.C. Αγοράς του 5ου αι. π.Χ. 1. Basileios Stoa 2.Stoa of Zeus Eleuthereos 3 Temple of Hephaestus 4.New Bouleuterion 5. Tholos 6. Old Bouleuterion 7Aiakeion 8 South Stoa I 9. Archaic fountain house 10. The Mint 11 Open-air court 12. Stoa Poikile.

From right to left: Stoa Basileios (479 b.C.). Perhaps the older stoa in Athens. In there were kept the engraved lows of the state. Next, the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios (430 b.C.). The name was derived from the archaic temple of Zeus that was destroyed by the Persians and was located on the same spot. In front was the altar of Zeus.

The west side of the Agora. On the right is the Stoa of Zeus Eleytherios. On top of the hill is situated the temple of Hephaestus while on the left are the two Bouleuteria.

The southwest side. On the left was the round Tholos. the dinning room of the state deputies. Near the Tholos were the two Bouleuteria. The newer was built around 425 B.C. Inside the older one were kept the archives of the state. On the hill is the temple of Hephaestus.

The temple of Hephaestus or "Hephaisteion" (449-444 b.C.), was a temple dedicated to Hephaestus and Athena. During the modern times is commonly known as Theseion (Theseum) due to the tasks of Theseus depicted on the frieze.

The south part of the Agora. On the right, the grounds of the Aiakeion and next to it the South Stoa I.

 

The South Stoa I (430 π.Χ). Inside were 16 big rooms that were used as shops or dinning rooms.

The archaic fountain house known as "Enneakrounos".

The mint was the very place where the coins of Athens were minted.

 

The grounds on the northeast side that was probably used as an open-air courthouse.

 

The Stoa Poikile (460 b.C.) is perhaps the most famous stoa of Athens foe two reasons. First o all, it was decorated with paintings of the best Greek painters (poikile = painted). Secondly, was the place where the philosopher Zenon Kitieus used to tech creating the stoic philosophical movement around 300 B.C. The stoa was also known as Peisianakteios.

The Eleusinion was the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone and was situated southeast of the Agora. On the far right was the temple of Hephaestus.

     

4th century B.C.

        In the 4th century B.C. only a few new constructions can be found. For the first time after de destruction of the city by the Persians in 480 B.C. the temple of Patroos Apollo is rebuilt. A big square peristyle building was constructed in the east side on the spot of the previous open-air courthouse. Also the Athenians built a new fountain house west of the Aiakeion and the monument of the Eponymous Heroes is transferred in front of the Bouleuterion.

 

The Agora in the 4th century B.C. 1. Square Peristyle 2. The temple of Patroos Apollo 3. The monument of Eponymous Heroes 4. The southwest fountain house.

The Square Peristyle on the northeast of the Agora. The construction begun around 300 B.C. but was never completed . The part that was completed was used as a courthouse. It was demolished in 150 B.C. to build the Stoa of Attalos in the same place. Its members were used to construct the South Stoa II.

The temple of Patroos Apollo (340 B.C.) was in the place of an older archaic temple. The smaller temple nearby was dedicated to Zeus Phratrios and Athena. On the right is the Stoa of Zeus Eleutherios while behind is the temple of Hephaestus with its new stone wall and the staircase.

The monument of the Eponymous Heroes was earlier located a little more south. It hold the statues of the ten heroes who gave the names to the ten tribes of Athens. Under each statue, on the base were engraved the names of each tribe's  most important citizens.

Next to the two Bouleuteria and the Tholos, a new ionic propylon was built. The new Bouleuterion had a small stoa before its entrance built during the 4th c. B.C.

The southwest fountain house near the grounds of Aiakeion.

     For other monuments of Classic Athens click below:

THE ACROPOLIS

SOUTH SLOPE OF ACROPOLIS

KERAMEIKOS